Application and prospect of Bayesian spatio-temporal model in the study of hydatid disease / 中华地方病学杂志

With the development of computer technology and the abundance of spatio-temporal data, Bayesian spatio-temporal model (BSTM) has been developed rapidly, and wildly used by academics to investigate the spatial epidemiological feature of infectious diseases. Hydatid disease is a global natural focus disease that seriously endangers human health. Its epidemic process is complex and affected by many factors. BSTM provides a new method for study of hydatid disease. By modeling, we can not only analyze the influencing factors of hydatid disease, but also can predict the epidemic trend and make the disease distribution map, which is of great significance to public health decisionmaking. Based on a comprehensive review of the literatures, this paper expounds the principles, types and application status of BSTM in hydatid disease.

Applications of atomic force microscopy in immunology / 医学前沿

Cellular mechanics, a major regulating factor of cellular architecture and biological functions, responds to intrinsic stresses and extrinsic forces exerted by other cells and the extracellular matrix in the microenvironment. Cellular mechanics also acts as a fundamental mediator in complicated immune responses, such as cell migration, immune cell activation, and pathogen clearance. The principle of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and its three running modes are introduced for the mechanical characterization of living cells. The peak force tapping mode provides the most delicate and desirable virtues to collect high-resolution images of morphology and force curves. For a concrete description of AFM capabilities, three AFM applications are discussed. These applications include the dynamic progress of a neutrophil-extracellular-trap release by neutrophils, the immunological functions of macrophages, and the membrane pore formation mediated by perforin, streptolysin O, gasdermin D, or membrane attack complex.

Stability and pharmacokinetics of hyaluronic acid-modified asparaginase self-assembled biomimetic nanocapsules / 中国药科大学学报

@#The stability and pharmacokinetic properties of hyaluronic acid-modified asparaginase (Asp) self-assembled bionic nanocapsules (ASNCs) were preliminarily investigated. ASNCs were prepared by molecular self-assembly method to investigate their morphology, particle size, zeta potential and antitrypsin stability. After intravenous injection of free Asp and ASNCs, rat plasma samples at different times were taken to determine Asp activity. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by DAS pharmacokinetic software. The particle size of ASNCs was (99.17 ± 0.21) nm and the potential was -(13.13 ± 0.60) mV. In trypsin solution, ASNCs showed more excellent stability. The area under the activity-time curve (AUC0-48 h) of ASNCs was about 2 times higher than that of Asp; the mean residence time (MRT0-48 h) was about 1.7 times higher than that of Asp, and the bioavailability was 195% of Asp. The results showed that ASNCs could improve the stability and bioavailability of Asp against trypsin and prolong the circulation time of Asp in vivo.

Review of research on detection and tracking of minimally invasive surgical tools based on deep learning / 生物医学工程学杂志

The application of minimally invasive surgical tool detection and tracking technology based on deep learning in minimally invasive surgery is currently a research hotspot. This paper firstly expounds the relevant technical content of the minimally invasive surgery tool detection and tracking, which mainly introduces the advantages based on deep learning algorithm. Then, this paper summarizes the algorithm for detection and tracking surgical tools based on fully supervised deep neural network and the emerging algorithm for detection and tracking surgical tools based on weakly supervised deep neural network. Several typical algorithm frameworks and their flow charts based on deep convolutional and recurrent neural networks are summarized emphatically, so as to enable researchers in relevant fields to understand the current research progress more systematically and provide reference for minimally invasive surgeons to select navigation technology. In the end, this paper provides a general direction for the further research of minimally invasive surgical tool detection and tracking technology based on deep learning.

Subsidy Strategy of Generic Drug Conformance Assessment Based on Patient Heterogeneity / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To consider the heterogeneity of patients’ acceptance of generic drugs， to establish a game decision-making model between pharmaceutical enterprises and the government， and to provide decision-making basis for the government to formulate subsidy policies for the generic drug conformance assessment. METHODS： A two-stage game model was established on the basis of patient heterogeneity under three subsidy strategies： the government does not subsidize， subsidize generic drug companies and subsidize patients. Effects of patient heterogeneity on the decision-making of pharmaceutical enterprises and the government were compared and analyzed under three subsidy strategies. RESULTS： With the increase of patients’ recognition of generic drugs， the market demand for generic drugs is also increasing. The relationship between the market price of generic drugs and government subsidies was negatively correlated when subsidies were given to generic pharmaceutical enterprises， and positively correlated when subsidies were given to consumers. CONCLUSIONS： Government subsidies can increase consumer surplus and social welfare， and the social benefits of government subsidies for patients and generic pharmaceutical enterprises are the same. On the premise of achieving the same social welfare， the government can adopt the strategy of subsidizing generic pharmaceutical enterprises to reduce government expenditure. The form of subsidizing patients is adopted to encourage the generic pharmaceutical enterprises to carry out the generic consistency evaluation.

Establishment of Rational Drug Use Evaluation Model Based on 360-degree Feedback Evaluation Method and Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Theory / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To establish a comprehensive and multi-angle evaluation model for rational drug use in medical institutions， and to provide support for rational drug use in medical institutions. METHODS： Referring to the phenomenon of irrational drug use and its influential factors in medical institutions， rational drug use evaluation indicator system， which contained 3 evaluation subjects， 6 first-level indicators and 15 second-level indicators， was established on the basis of 360-degree Feedback Method， with hospitals at the same level， superior regulation department and patient as subjects of multi-angle evaluation. At the same time， the linguistic information of vague and uncertain evaluation given by the evaluation subject was comprehensively quantified by Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Theory. The total evaluation score of rational drug use in the evaluated medical institutions was calculated by using the score function formula of hesitant fuzzy number； the level of rational drug use in medical institutions was determined according to the score （the higher the total score， the higher the comprehensive level of rational drug use）. RESULTS： An all-round and multi-angle evaluation model of rational drug use in medical institutions was established. According to the evaluation index system based on 360-degree feedback evaluation method， the evaluation subject and weight of evaluation index were determined， the grade of evaluation index was divided， the hesitant fuzzy numbers of each index were gathered， and the first-level index was weighted. Finally， the total evaluation score of rational drug use in medical institutions was calculated； the examples were set to prove the feasibility of the model. CONCLUSIONS： The established evaluation model for rational drug use in medical institutions based on 360-degree Feedback Method and Hesitant Fuzzy Sets Theory can comprehensively and effectively evaluate the rational drug use in medical institutions， and contribute to standardizing and improving clinical drug use behavior in medical institutions.

The Development of Extraterritorial Apologies Laws and Its Enlightenment to Medical Dispute Settlement in Our Country / 中国医学伦理学

At present, 35 states and the District of Columbia have established apologies laws in America; in Australia, six states and two territories have enacted apologies law. Although various countries in the word still face many problems in the process of formulating apologies laws, its promotion in the settlement of medical disputes is very rapid. The paper point out three unique roles of apologies laws in medical dispute settlement, enlightening our country to take apology law of absolute immunity, sincerely face medical negligence and dig out the institutional roots by the disclosure of the truth of the accident, in order to avoid the recurrence of similar incidents, and finally achieve the purpose of improving the quality of hospital medical safety.

Novel mutations in the USH2A gene in a family affected with Usher syndrome type 2 / 中华眼底病杂志

Objective To identify the pathogenic genes and mutations in a family with Usher syndrome type 2.Methods A three-generation family including 7 individuals was enrolled in this study.There were 2 male patients and 5 unaffected individuals.All participants was underwent related ophthalmologic examination,including best corrected visual acuity,slit-lamp,indirect ophthalmoscopy,electroretinogram (ERG),optical coherence tomography and visual field test.DNA was extracted from 3 ml peripheral venous blood of all participants.A total of 136 hereditary retinal disease target genes were screened and the DNA sequence was performed by Next-generation sequence analysis.Then the suspected mutations compared with databases to identify the suspected mutations,which should be verified with non-affected family members and 100 normal subjects by PCR and Sanger sequence.Results The sequence result showed that 2 patients,the proband and his brother,carried complex heterozygous mutations in the USH2A gene:c.5459T＞C (p.M1820T) in exon 27,c.802G ＞A (p.G268R) in exon 5 and c.1190T＞A (p.I397K) in exon 7.The c.5459T ＞ C and c.1190T ＞A mutations in USH2A have not been reported in the literature and database.Although their mother carried c.5459T＞C (p.M1820T) and c.802G＞A (p.G268R),and their father carried c.1190T＞A (p.I397K) heterozygous mutations,the parents did not present phenotype.These mutations were not detected in other normal family members.The result was supported by co-segregation analysis.Conclusion The heterozygous mutations c.5459T＞C (p.M1820T),c.1190T＞A (p.I397K) and c.802G＞A (p.G268R) in USH2A gene cause Usher syndrome in this family.

Decursin inhibits EC109 cells proliferation via suppression of JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway / 中华胸心血管外科杂志

Objective To investigate whether decursin(Dec) could inhibit EC109 cells proliferation by suppression of janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) signaling pathway in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The EC109 cells were treated with Dec(20,40,and 80 pmmol/L) for48 h.The cell viability was evaluated by MTT;the apoptotic cells was labelled by TUNEL;the mitochondrial oxidative stress level was detected by fluorescent staining;and western blotting was used to analyze the proteins of JAK2/STAT3 signaling and apoptosis in EC109 cells,respectively.After co-application of JAK2 / STAT3 antagonist(AG490),the inhibitory ability of Dec to EC109 was observed from the in vivo and in vitro levels.Results Compared to the control group,different concentrations of Dec dose-dependently down-regulated expressions of p-JAK2 [(55.89 ± 6.04) ％] and p-STAT3 [(45.27 ± 8.65) ％],repressed EC109 cell activity(0.43 ± 0.078),increased apoptotic rate[(35.31 ± 8.41)％],reduced MMP levels[(37.23 ± 6.89)％],promoted reactive oxygen species(ROS) [(231.81 ± 19.63)％],decreased glutathione (GSH) activity [(46.78 ± 6.91)％,P＜0.05].However,Dec did not significantly affect the activity of the normal esophageal epithelium HET-1A cells(P ＞0.05).Meanwhile,Dec obviously leaded to reduction of Bcl2,increment of Bax,and augment of Caspase-3 cleavage (P ＜0.05).Additionally,the inhibitory effect of Dec on EC109 was specifically intensified after co-application of AG490 in vivo and in vitro levels(P ＜0.05).Conclusion Dec can fight against human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in vitro and in vivo via activation of mitochondrial oxidative stress-induced apoptosis which was mediated by JAK2/STAT3 pathway.

The practice and effect of quality nursing care in operating room / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of high quality nursing care performing in the operating room and reasonable approach for assessment. Methods Stratified random sampling was used to select 93 nurses from two tertiary hospitals. The task performance and contextual performance was assessed before and after implementing a range of high quality nursing care program. Results The task performance scores and patient care, nursing information, nurse skills dimension scores respectively were 58.59 ±1.77, 19.27±1.16, 19.50±1.11, 19.80±0.70 after the operating room junior high quality nursing service project, which were 37.21 ± 1.92, 5.55 ± 0.86, 13.78 ± 1.12, 17.87 ± 0.98 before the implementation, the differences were statistically significant (t=-82.48--15.15, P<0.01). The performance scores and mutual support between colleagues, work out the extra burden, organizational support dimension scores were respectively 70.43 ± 2.94, 28.23 ± 1.21, 18.52 ± 1.29, 23.67 ± 1.86 after the operating room junior high quality nursing service project, which were 36.20 ± 1.79, 15.52 ± 1.94, 7.33 ± 1.11, 13.34 ± 0.87 before the implementation, the differences were statistically significant (t=-91.99--46.68, P<0.01). Conclusions The high quality nursing care program is a range of nursing service which can advance task performance and contextual performance of nurses in the operating room. Task performance and contextual performance are effective approaches by which high quality nursing care in operating room could be reasonably assessed.

High salt diet enhances the physical coupling between TRPV4 and cPLA2 / 中国药理学通报

Aim To observe the physical coupling between transient receptor potential channel vanilloid type 4 (TRPV4 ) and cPLA2 in endothelial cells. Methods We investigated the physical association of TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling by immunofluorescence reso-nance energy transfer (immuno-FRET)to assess the spatial proximity between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC),primary cul-tured endothelial cells and in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice.Results At the cellular level,with high salt treatment,the physical in-teraction of TRPV4 and cPLA2 was significantly en-hanced in primary vascular endothelial cells and HMEC.Furthermore, in thoracic aortas rings from high salt-induced hypertension mice,we found an in-creases interaction between TRPV4 and cPLA2 in en-dothelial cells from arterial segments .Conclusion High-salt treatment increases the endothelial TRPV4-cPLA2 coupling,indicating that this coupling may pro-vide a new target for vascular endothelial dysfunction.

Analysis of GJA3 mutation associated with a Chinese family with autosomal dominant congenital cataract by whole-exome sequencing / 中华实验眼科杂志

Congenital cataract is one of the important reasons for the blindness of children,and most congenital cataracts are genetic.At present,thirty-nine genes have been identified relating to autosomal dominant congenital cataract (ADCC).Objective This study was to identify and analyze the virulence gene of a Chinese family pedigree with ADCC by whole-exome sequencing.Methods A Chinese ADCC family was recruited in Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University from August to September in 2014.The family disease history and clinical data were recorded.The peripheral venous blood of 10 ml was collected in 14 patients with congenital cataract and 14 families with normal phenotype,and the peripheral blood samples were obtained from 100 healthy examined people as controls.The genomic DNA was extracted form all subjects using standard phenol chlorum method,and proband DNA was screened by whole-exome sequencing.Then mutation locus of the candidate gene was selected after compared with the information of database in the proband.The mutation locus of the candidate gene from 14 normal families and 100 healthy controls were amplified and sequenced by PCR technique based on the primer sequence of mutation locus of proband to verify the pathogenic gene of this ADCC family.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University and complied with Helsinki Declaration.Written informed consent was obtained from subjects or custodian before any medical examination.Results The family had a total of 5 generations of 68 members,in which 20 subjects were found with congenital cataract.The inheritance mode consisted with autosomal dominant inheritance.Cortical cataract was found in both eyes in the patients.Whole-exome sequencing showed that the 143rd ribonucleotide A of exon 2 explicit factor of chromosome 13 GJA3 gene mutated into G (c.143A＞G) in the proband,which resulted in the 48th amino acids changed from glutamate into glycine (p.E48G).PCR amplification product sequencing displayed that the same mutation of DNA appeared in all the patients of this family,while not the same mutation was seen in the candidate genes of normal phenotype families and 100 healthy controls.Conclusions GJA3 gene c.143A＞G is a virulence mutation site in this ADCC family,it is a supplement of the mutation spectrum of GJA3 gene.

A novel PAX6 mutation in a Chinese family with congenital aniridia / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Aniridia is a rare congenital hereditary eye disease.Studies determined that PAX6 gene mutation is closely associated with congenital aniridia,but the mutation locus are varied.Objective This study was to identify virulence mutation locus of PAX6 gene of a Chinese family pedigree with autosomal dominant aniridia.Methods A Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant aniridia was collected and examined in Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University in August 2014.Periphery blood of 10 ml was collected from all the families and 100 unrelated health controls.The genomic DNA was extracted by standardized phenol-chloroform method,and all exons and splicing junctions of PAX6 were amplified by PCR.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR was performed to examine the relative expression of PAX6 mRNA in patients and normal phenotype families and heahh controls.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Affiliated First Hospital of Zhengzhou University and complied with Helsinki Declaration.Written informed consent was obtained from subjects or custodian before any medical examination.Results This Chinese family inclued 3 generations and 9 members,with a classic autosomal dominant inheritance mode.Five patients were found,showing the absence of iris and cataract in 3 adult patients and only absence of the iris in 2 children,and other 4 members showed the normal phenotype.A novel heterozygous PAX6 deletion mutation c.796 del G (p.A266 fs) (GenBank ID:KP255960) in exon 10 was exclusively found in all affected individuals but not in any of the unaffected families or unrelated health controls.PAX6 mRNA level in lymphocytes was about 50％ lower in aniridia patients than in unaffected family members,indicating that this mutation caused nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.Conclusions A novel deletion mutation in PAX6 gene results in an abnormal PAX6 COOH-terminal extension in the Chinese aniridia family.This finding expands the mutation spectrum of PAX6 gene.

Degradable natural polymer hydrogels in articular cartilage repair：safety and effectiveness assessment / 中国组织工程研究

Polymer hydrogels composed of highly hydrated crosslinked network mimic the composites of the cartilage extracelular matrix and are embedded with articular chondrocytes not only to support chondrocytes growth but also to promote chondrocytes proliferation and division which wil induce the cartilage regeneration and repair. OBJECTIVE:To review several kinds of natural polymer hydrogels and their newest progress and achievements. METHODS:Relative literatures from January 1994 to July 2013 were classified and analyzed by searching the databases through PubMed, Springer, Sciencedirect and Ovid databases using the keywords of “natural polymers, biodegradable polymers, hydrogel scaffold, articular cartilage, regeneration”.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Natural proteins (colagen, gelatin) and polysaccharides (chitosan, hyaluronic acid) are widely used as natural polymer hydrogels. The natural polymer hydrogels have not only the physical characters beneficial to articular cartilage regeneration, but also the important biological parameters, such as biocompatibility, low immunological response, low cytotoxicity and degradation. Meanwhile, the polymer hydrogels with natural origin can promote celladhesion, proliferation and division, and enhance the regeneration of new tissue. Moreover, they also can serve as carriers to sustain the release of drugs and growth factors. Al in al, natural polymer hydrogels have a potential application in articular cartilage regeneration and repair.

Influence of ultrasonic cleaning time and disinfecting frequency on physical property of Ni- Ti root canal files / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To investigate the influence of ultrasonic cleaning time and disinfecting frequency on physical property of Ni-Ti root canal files in order to understand the safety and feasibility of ultrasonic cleaning and high temperature and high pressure disinfection for Ni-Ti root canal files.Methods The Ni-Ti root canal files used in this study were ProTaper,Mtwo and Hero642,5 files were selected from each kind.After the ultrasonic cleaning and high temperature high pressure disinfection the files underwent breaking test,the breaking time was recorded.Unclean and non-sterile Ni-Ti root canal files were set as control.Results After different time of ultrasonic cleaning,ProTaper and Mtwo showed no difference in breaking time,but the result was opposite in Hero642.After different times of disinfection,Mtwo showed no difference in breaking time,but significant difference was seen in the other two kinds.Conclusions Ultrasonic cleaning time has no significant influence on physical property of ProTaper and Mtwo Ni- Ti root canal files,but the influence was significant for Hero642.Disinfection frequency had no significant influence on physical property of ProTaper and Hero642 Ni-Ti root canal files,but the influence was significant for Mtwo Ni-Ti root canal files.

The expressions of TP, MK and CD105 in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma and their clinical significance / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the expressions of thymidine phosphorylase (TP), midkine (MK) and MVD marked with CD105 antibody in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their clinical significance.@*METHOD@#The expressions of TP, MK and CD105 in LSCC tissues of 43 cases were studied by immunohistochemical staining.@*RESULT@#The positive expression rates of TP and MK in LSCC were 67.4% and 60.5% respectively, the mean value of MVD was 6.01 +/- 1.78. MVD was significantly higher in tumor tissue with both positive TP and MK than in that with both negative TP and MK (7.07 +/- 3.26 vs. 4.03 +/- 1.90, P < 0.05). The expression of TP, MK and CD105 were all correlated with T-stage and lymph node metastasis. Positive TP, MK expression and high MVD were all associated with a poor survival, and positive expression of both TP and MK in tumors conferred a poorer prognosis than negative expression of those factors in tumors, but only the lymph node metastasis and MVD were independent prognostic factors on multivariate analysis.@*CONCLUSION@#Both TP and MK are important for angiogenesis in LSCC. TP, MK and angiogenesis are all closely correlated with the progress of LSCC and the lymph node metastasis. The lymph node metastasis and MVD marked with CD105 antibody were independent prognostic factors. TP and MK may affect the progression and prognosis of tumor by promotion of angiogenesis. A combinative detection of TP, MK and CD105 can be as valuable tumor marker and prognostic factor for LSCC.

Regulatory genes of geldanamycin biosynthesis / 生物工程学报

Two LAL family regulatory genes, gdmRI and gdmRII, were identified in the geldanamycin biosynthetic gene cluster of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997. Disruption of the two regulatory genes resulted in absolute elimination of geldanamycin biosynthesis. The complementation experiments using a single wild-type gene could restore geldanamycin production. These results indicated that both gdmRI and gdmRII were positive regulatory genes of the geldanamycin biosynthesis.

Roles of geldanamycin biosynthetic genes in Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997 / 生物工程学报

Geldanamycin (Gdm), an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90), shows antitumor and antivirus bioactivity. Most Geldanamycin biosynthetic genes have been cloned from the genome library of Streptomyces hygroscopicus 17997. In this report, polyketide synthase (pks) gene, mono-oxygenase (gdmM) gene and carbamoyltransferase gene (gdmN) were subjected to inactivation. Three gene disrupted mutants (deltapks, deltagdmM and deltagdmN) were obtained by double crossover. No Geldanamycin production was detected in three mutant strains cultured in fermentation broth. Gene complementation experiments excluded the possible polar effect of gene disruption on other genes. These results confirmed that pks, gdmM and gdmN genes were essential for Geldanamycin biosynthesis.

Research about the antitumor function of atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil / 肿瘤研究与临床

Objective To study the function of atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil for transplanted tumor in animals. Methods The animal model of transplanted tumor-ECA was used. The anti-tumor function of atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil was observed. Results Atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil can suppress ECA when given at 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg doses into abdominal cavity. When a larger dose at 150 mg/kg was given, the life-span of mice can extended to 197 %. Conclusion Atractylodes macrocephala koidz volatile oil can suppress tumor effectively.

The study of Yinaotongluo capsule preventing the microcirculation dysfunction in rats / 中国康复理论与实践

@# ObjectiveTo explore the effect of Yinaotongluo capsule on preventing the microcirculation dysfunction in rats.Methods40 SD rats were randomly divided into the thrombosis model group, three Yinaotongluo capsule groups (low, moderate and high dosages) and control group with 8 rats in each group. Photosensitizer was injected through vessel. Endothelium damage, cell adhesion and thrombosis were induced by photochemistry. The change of microcirculation was recorded and analyzed by microphotography technique.ResultsYinaotongluo capsule groups could prolong the time to thrombosis induced by photochemistry compared with control group (P<0.05). However, the area of thrombus to vessel significantly decreased in all Yinaotongluo capsule groups compared with control group (P<0.01). The effect of moderate dosage group of Yinaotongluo capsule was superior to Buchangnaoxintong group.ConclusionYinaotongluo capsule can improve the microcirculation of mesentery of rats, in part it can improve the systematic microcirculation of rats.